Myopia References

Myopia Control Scientific Research

Below is just a small sampling of scientific research supporting myopia control. If you’d like to see more, go to http://myopiaprevention.org or http://myopiainstitute.com.

Increasing Prevalence of Myopia

• Vitale S, Sperduto RD, Ferris FL 3rd. Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(12):1632-9.
• Neil Charman.(2010)Myopia: its prevalence, origins and control. Ophthalmic and Physiological OpticsVolume 31, Issue 1, pages 3–6, January 2011 (FULL TEXT) doi: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00808.x
• Seang-Mei Saw, Gus Gazzard, Edwin Chan Shih-Yen, Wei-Han Chua. (2005)Myopia and associated pathological complications. (FULL TEXT) Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 25(5): 381-91 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00298.x

Development of Myopia

• Xiang F, He M, Morgan IG. The impact of parental myopia on myopia in Chinese children:population-based evidence. Optom Vis Sci. 2012 Oct;89(10):1487-96.
• Morgan IG, Ohno-Matsui K, Saw SM. Myopia. Lancet. 2012 May 5;379(9827):1739-48.
• Smith EL 3rd, Hung LF, Huang J. Relative peripheral hyperopic defocus alters central refractive development in infant monkeys. Vision Res. 2009 Sep;49(19):2386-92.

Risks of Myopia

• Klaver CW, et al “Association of axial length with risk of uncorrectable visual impairment for europeans with myopia” JAMA Ophthalmol 2016; DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4009.
• DANDONA, Rakhi and DANDONA, Lalit. Refractive error blindness. Bull World Health Organ [online]. 2001, vol.79, n.3
• Paul Mitchell, et al., The relationship between glaucoma and myopia: The blue mountains eye study, Volume 106, Issue 10, 1 October 1999, Pages 2010–2015

Myopia Control Options

• Walline JJ, Lindsley K, Vedula SS, et al. Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev.2011 Dec 7;(12):CD004916. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004916.pub3.
• Cho P, Cheung SW, Edwards M. The longitudinal orthokeratology research in children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: a pilot study on refractive changes and myopic control. Curr Eye Res. 2005 Jan;30(1):71-80.
• Walline JJ, Rah MJ, Jones LA. The Children’s Overnight Orthokeratology Investigation (COOKI) pilot study. Optom Vis Sci. 2004 Jun;81(6):407-13.
• Eiden SB, Davis RL, Bennett ES, DeKinder JO. The SMART study: background, rationale, and baseline results. Contact Lens Spectrum. 2009 Oct.
• Kakita T, Hiraoka T, Oshika T. Influence of overnight orthokeratology on axial elongation in childhood myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Apr 6;52(5):2170-4.
• Carly Siu Yin Lam, Wing Chun Tang, Dennis Yan-Yin Tse, Ying Yung Tang, Chi Ho To. (2014)Defocus Incorporated Soft Contact (DISC) lens slows myopia progression in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren: a 2-year randomised clinical trial. (FULL TEXT) British Journal of Ophthalmology VOL 98 PG 40-45
• Audrey Chia, Qing-Shu Lu, Donald Tan. (2015)Five-Year Clinical Trial on Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 2. (ABSTRACT) Ophthalmology Published Online August 11, 2015. Accessed 8/30/2015; doi: org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.07.004